Editing Gun ownership in Canada

[[Image:Canadaflag.GIF|right|200px]]While some may assume that, due to its laws requiring universal licencing and registration of all firearms and owners, estimating [[Canadian]] [[firearm]] ownership rates would be relatively simple, this is not the case at all.

Ineptitudes in the [[Canadian Firearms Program]] and with the [[Canadian gun registry]], as well as rampant non-compliance with mandatory licencing and registration, particularly in rural areas, has made accurate estimation of the actual numbers of firearms and their owners in Canada a nearly insurmountable task.

==Gun owners==

===Canadian Firearms Program figures===
Since the introduction of the [[Canadian Firearms Act]] (aka [[Bill C-68]]) in 1995, Canadian law has required that all [[firearm]] owners in [[Canada]] both have a valid firearms license at all times and [[Canadian gun registry|register]] all firearms in their possession with the [[Canada Firearms Centre]] (CFC).  Failure to do so can result in severe criminal penalties up to and including imprisonment.

The [[Canadian Firearms Program]] (CFP), under the authority of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), maintains records of all valid firearm licences in Canada.  Information in the tables below &mdash; for the numbers of [[Possession Only Licence]]s (POLs), [[Possession and Acquisition Licence]]s (PALs), and Minor's Licences) &mdash; was retrieved from the CFP website on April 28, 2009.  Both tables contain the same information; the table on the right is merely sortable for easy reference and comparison.

{|width="100%"
|+ <font size="+1"><u>REGISTERED</u> Firearm Owners in Canada, per CFP, March 2009</font>
|-valign="top"
| width="49%"|
{|align="left" class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%"
|+ '''Table 1: non-sortable'''
|-style="background:#efefef;"
!rowspan="2"|Province ||rowspan="2"|Pop.<ref>Based on [http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/090326/t090326a2-eng.htm Statistics Canada quarterly demographic estimate] for January, 2009.</ref> 
!colspan="4"|Active Licences (March 2009)<ref name="RCMP">''"[http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/facts-faits/archives/quick_facts/2009/2009-03-eng.htm Facts and Figures (January-March 2009)]"'' - Canadian Firearms Program, Royal Canadian Mounted Police website. ([http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/facts-faits/archives/quick_facts/2009/2009-03-fra.htm French version])</ref> ||rowspan="2"| Rate
|-style="background:#efefef;"
!POL ||PAL ||Minor ||Total
|-
|Alberta ||3,632,483 ||86,553 ||125,342 ||936 ||212,831 ||5.86% 
|-
|British Columbia ||4,419,974 ||98,728 ||113,424 ||240 ||212,392 ||4.81% 
|-
|Manitoba ||1,213,815 ||37,431 ||43,488 ||232 ||81,151 ||6.69% 
|-
|New Brunswick ||748,319 ||51,767 ||25,218 ||111 ||77,096 ||10.3% 
|-
|Nfld. ||508,990 ||32,748 ||38,200 ||143 ||71,091 ||13.97% 
|-
|Northwest Territories ||42,940 ||1,071 ||4,043 ||35 ||5,149 ||11.99% 
|-
|Nova Scotia ||939,531 ||50,877 ||26,418 ||1,164 ||78,459 ||8.35% 
|-
|Nunavut ||31,556 ||120 ||2,675 ||1 ||2,796 ||8.86% 
|-
|Ontario ||12,986,857 ||238,513 ||272,877 ||4,002 ||515,392 ||3.97% 
|-
|PEI ||140,402 ||4,362 ||2,537 ||7 ||6,906 ||4.92% 
|-
|Quebec ||7,782,561 ||213,954 ||277,280 ||34 ||491,268 ||6.31% 
|-
|Sask. ||1,023,810 ||43,225 ||48,658 ||70 ||91,953 ||8.98% 
|-
|Yukon ||33,442 ||1,631 ||4,164 ||54 ||5,849 ||17.49% 
|-
!National
|33,504,680 ||860,980 ||984,324 ||7,029 ||1,852,333 ||5.53% 
|}
| width="49%"|
{|class="wikitable sortable" align="right" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="font-size:85%"
|+ '''Table 2: sortable'''
|-style="background:#efefef;"
!Province ||Pop. ||POL ||PAL ||Minor ||Total ||Rate
|-
|Alberta ||3,632,483 ||86,553 ||125,342 ||936 ||212,831 ||5.86%
|-
|British Columbia ||4,419,974 ||98,728 ||113,424 ||240 ||212,392 ||4.81%
|-
|Manitoba ||1,213,815 ||37,431 ||43,488 ||232 ||81,151 ||6.69%
|-
|New Brunswick ||748,319 ||51,767 ||25,218 ||111 ||77,096 ||10.3%
|-
|Nfld. ||508,990 ||32,748 ||38,200 ||143 ||71,091 ||13.97%
|-
|Northwest Territories ||42,940 ||1,071 ||4,043 ||35 ||5,149 ||11.99%
|-
|Nova Scotia ||939,531 ||50,877 ||26,418 ||1,164 ||78,459 ||8.35%
|-
|Nunavut ||31,556 ||120 ||2,675 ||1 ||2,796 ||8.86%
|-
|Ontario ||12,986,857 ||238,513 ||272,877 ||4,002 ||515,392 ||3.97%
|-
|PEI ||140,402 ||4,362 ||2,537 ||7 ||6,906 ||4.92%
|-
|Quebec ||7,782,561 ||213,954 ||277,280 ||34 ||491,268 ||6.31%
|-
|Sask. ||1,023,810 ||43,225 ||48,658 ||70 ||91,953 ||8.98%
|-
|Yukon ||33,442 ||1,631 ||4,164 ||54 ||5,849 ||17.49%
|-
!National
|33,504,680 ||860,980 ||984,324 ||7,029 ||1,852,333 ||5.53%
|}
|}

==Guns==

===Registry figures===

{|class="wikitable sortable" align="right" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="font-size:85%"
|+ <font size="+1">Table 3: Firearms Registered as of March 2009</font><ref name="RCMP"/>
|-style="background:#efefef;"
!Province || Non-restrict || Restricted || Prohibited || Total
|-
|Alberta || 821,205 || 76,310 || 24,394 || 921,909
|-
|British Columbia || 772,094 || 84,561 || 28,868 || 885,523
|-
|Manitoba || 326,885 || 15,949 || 6,478 || 349,312
|-
|New Brunswick || 264,635 || 10,946 || 5,519 || 281,100
|-
|Newfoundland<br>and Labrador || 187,362 || 3,512 || 1,615 || 192,489
|-
|Nova Scotia || 285,216 || 15,050 || 7,599 || 307,865
|-
|Northwest<br>Territories || 17,982 || 1,022 || 323 || 19,327
|-
|Nunavut || 10,232 || 142 || 38 || 10,412
|-
|Ontario || 2,009,989 || 172,223 || 90,197 || 2,272,409
|-
|Prince Edward<br>Island || 21,568 || 1,483 || 801 || 23,852
|-
|Quebec || 1,550,758 || 53,801 || 35,233 || 1,639,792
|-
|Saskatchewan || 378,206 || 23,104 || 8,510 || 409,820
|-
|Yukon || 21,264 || 1,534 || 410 || 23,208
|-
|Other || 23,396 || 452 || 115 || 23,963
|-
!Total
| 6,690,792 || 460,089 || 210,100 || 7,360,981
|}
:''Main article: [[Canadian gun registry]]
If determining the number of gun owners in Canada is a daunting task, then determining the number of actual firearms is a Gordian knot most sane people would rather not fiddle with.

Prior to the implementation of the long gun registry, most estimates of the numbers of [[long gun]]s in Canada were based on examinations of import and export records.  This was, needless to say, less than accurate due to the fact that:
#the method did not take into account domestic production and sales and,
#when domestic production was taken into account, estimates were compromised by the fact that, in the absence of [[serial number]]ing, many Canadian manufacturers did not provide accurate information.

Estimates based on import records, however, show that many more guns enter Canada than leave it.  From 1970 to 1998, Canada (a nation of only 21 million in 1970 and 33 million in 2009) imported 4,974,028 firearms but exported only 1,668,506.  Canadians imported nearly three times as many firearms as they exported<ref>Firearms Statistics (Updated Tables) Prepared by Kwing Hung, Ph. D., Senior Statistician, Research and Statistics Division, Department of Justice, March 2000</ref>.  Some extrapolations of imports, if correct, would place the current number of firearms in Canada at over 18.5 million<ref>Justice Minister, Ron Basford’s report on firearms proposals in Bill C-83 – Explanatory Notes, Gun Control - May 1976</ref>.

Registration of [[handguns]] in Canada has been mandatory since 1934.  The RCMP Revolvers and Pistols Unit recorded a total of 222,053 registered handguns in Canada in 1944-45<ref>RCMP Commissioner's Annual Report – March 31, 1945</ref>.  Since the implementation of C-68, however, the question of tracking the number of handguns in Canada has been complicated by the fact that they are no longer in a category of their own: they have almost all been lumped into the "restricted firearms" category, along with a large number of "scary" long guns.

Presently, the only ''quantifiable'' measurement of the number of firearms in Canada is the Canadian long gun registry (administered by the CFP), the numbers for which are provided in the table to the right.  These figures, however, must be taken with a very large grain of salt due to the facts that:
#they reflect ONLY the numbers of firearms which Canadians have voluntarily registered and,
#the bureaucratic structure of the registry has been known, on numerous occasions, to lead to a single weapon having multiple entries in the registry.
Because criminals do not register guns and civil non-compliance with the registry is rampant, the numbers only reflect a fraction of Canadian gun ownership.

==Validity of CFP figures==
To say that the CFP's figures are subject to skepticism is a gross understatement.  The problem with it is that it tracks '''ONLY''' those gun owners who have voluntarily submitted to licencing and registration.  In addition to the criminal element, there are literally hundreds of thousands, if not millions(!) of Canadian gun owners who have refused to comply with the post-C68 regimen of onerous Canadian gun laws.  Many estimates have placed the non-compliance rate amongst Canadian gun owners at over 50 percent, with some estimates as high as 65 to 70 percent.

For example, the CFP lists the total number of all types of licences in Canada at 1,852,333 as of March 2009.  The Canadian Justice Department, however, placed the number of firearm owners in Canada at over 3,000,000 ... '''in 1994!'''<ref>Department of Justice Access to Information Act response (File #A-1999-0082) Briefing Note: The Number of Firearms and Firearm Owners in Canada – March 9, 1994</ref>  The notion that Canada has seen a drop of nearly 40% in firearm ownership rates in a mere 15 years is simply not credible.

The same CFP source lists the current number of registered firearms in Canada as 7,360,981 as of March 2009<ref name="RCMP"/>.  The Justice Department, again, estimated the number of firearms in Canada to be as many as 11,000,000 in 1998<ref>''Estimated Number of Firearms Owners, and Households with Firearms in Canada'' - Firearms Research Unit, Canadian Firearms Centre, Department of Justice - June 1998.</ref>.  This number, however, was arrived at through examination of ''import records'' and does not properly account for firearms manufactured domestically.  The [[H. W. Cooey Machine & Arms Company]] alone manufactured more than 6,000,000 firearms from their plant in Coburg, Ontario, before closing in 1979<ref name="Breitkreuz">"[http://www.garrybreitkreuz.com/publications/GunsinCanada.htm HOW MANY GUNS ARE THERE IN CANADA?]," by [[Garry Breitkreuz]], MP -December 13, 2001</ref>.  And this number does not include [[shotguns]] manufactured by Cooey for [[Iver Johnson]].

===Paper criminals===
Additionally, the CFP statistics (as well as their policies and personnel) don't seem to quite know what to make of or do about the 185,925 Canadians<ref>“As of February 2009, the estimated number of expired licences holders still in possession of registered firearms is 185,925” - ''"[http://westernstandard.ca/website/article.php?id=2973 Arresting 185,925 Canadians?]''"; Pierre Lemieux, Western Standard, April 8, 2009</ref> who, while in possession of registered firearms, have allowed their licences to lapse or have had their licences revoked &mdash; because, for example, the applicant had not correctly replied to a question about his love life:
:''"Arrest 200,000 peaceful Canadians, then? Or selectively persecute some of them, as the police have (still timidly) started to do, in order to scare the others into submission? The whole episode shows that it is impossible to enforce a liberticidal law with means that are consistent with a free society. One has to yield: the liberticidal law — the whole liberticidal law — or the free society. The jury is still out."''<br>-Pierre Lemieux, Western Standard - April 8, 2009

==What DO we know?==
Based on the extremely limited empirical data available, there are very few things which can ''conclusively'' be said about the current rates of civilian firearm ownership in Canada.  This does not mean that there is ''nothing'' that can be said, however.  Taking in mind both the information provided on tables 1 through 3 and the fact that 20.7% of the Canadian population is currently estimated to be under the age of 18<ref>''Canada,'' [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ca.html CIA World Fact Book], 23 April 2009</ref> (making approximately 26,569,211 adults), we can reasonably draw the following conclusions:
#One in 14 Canadian adults has a valid firearms licence.
#One in 219 Canadian minors have a valid firearms licence.
#There is one <u>registered</u> firearm for every 3.6 Canadian adults (22 registered guns per 100 total population).
#Approximately 10% of Canadian firearm licence holders have become "[[#Paper criminals|paper criminals]]," as of March 2009.
Beyond these facts, all else is mostly speculation...

==See also==
*[[Canadian Firearms Program]]
*[[Canadian gun registry]]
*[[Possession and Acquisition Licence]]
*[[Gun politics in Canada]]
*[[List of countries by gun ownership]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Canada]]
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−	[[Image:Canadaflag.~~gif~~\|right\|200px]]While some may assume that, due to its laws requiring universal licencing and registration of all firearms and owners, estimating [[Canadian]] [[firearm]] ownership rates would be relatively simple, this is not the case at all.	+	[[Image:Canadaflag.GIF\|right\|200px]]While some may assume that, due to its laws requiring universal licencing and registration of all firearms and owners, estimating [[Canadian]] [[firearm]] ownership rates would be relatively simple, this is not the case at all.

	Ineptitudes in the [[Canadian Firearms Program]] and with the [[Canadian gun registry]], as well as rampant non-compliance with mandatory licencing and registration, particularly in rural areas, has made accurate estimation of the actual numbers of firearms and their owners in Canada a nearly insurmountable task.		Ineptitudes in the [[Canadian Firearms Program]] and with the [[Canadian gun registry]], as well as rampant non-compliance with mandatory licencing and registration, particularly in rural areas, has made accurate estimation of the actual numbers of firearms and their owners in Canada a nearly insurmountable task.