Gary Kleck
| Gary Kleck | |
|---|---|
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| Dr. Gary Kleck, FSU Criminologist
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| Born | March 2, 1951 |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Criminologist, Professor |
Gary Kleck (born March 2, 1951) is a criminologist at Florida State University.
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Criminology
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He conducted a national survey in 1994 (the National Self-Defense Survey) and, extrapolating from the 5,000 households surveyed, estimated that in 1993 there were approximately 2.5 million incidents in which victims used guns for self-protection, compared to about four hundred thousand crimes committed by offenders with guns.[11]
In addition to his work on guns and violence, Kleck has done research concluding that increasing levels of punishment will not increase the deterrent effects of punishment,[12] and that capital punishment does not have any measurable effect on homicide rates.[13]
Criticism
A study of gun use in the 1990s, by David Hemenway at the Harvard Injury Control Research Center, claimed that criminal use of guns is far more common than self-defense use of guns. Kleck notes, however, that Hemenway's own surveys confirmed Kleck's conclusion that defensive gun uses number at least in the hundreds of thousands each year, and that a far larger number of surveys (at least 20) have shown that defensive uses outnumbered criminal uses.[14]
Impact
In 1993, Kleck won the Michael J. Hindelang Award from the American Society of Criminology for his book Point Blank: Guns and Violence in America (Aldine de Gruyter, 1991). He has testified before Congress and state legislatures on gun control proposals. His research was cited in the Supreme Court's landmark District of Columbia v. Heller decision, which struck down the D.C. handgun ban and held that the Second Amendment protects an individual right to keep and bear arms.
References
- ↑ Kleck and McElrath, "The effects of weaponry on human violence." Social Forces 69(3):669-92
- ↑ "Miscounting suicides." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 18(3):219-236
- ↑ Chapter 7, Point Blank: Guns and Violence in America. Hawthorne, N.Y.: Aldine de Gruyter
- ↑ Kleck and Patterson,"The impact of gun control and gun ownership levels on violence rates." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 9(3):249-287
- ↑ Britt, Kleck, and Bordua, "A reassessment of the D.C. gun law." Law & Society Review 30(2):361-380.
- ↑ (with Miriam DeLone), "Victim resistance and offender weapon effects in robbery." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 9(1):55-82.
- ↑ (with Susan Sayles), "Rape and resistance." Social Problems 37(2):149-162.
- ↑ Chapter 3, Targeting Guns: Firearms and their Control. Hawthorne, N.Y.: Aldine de Gruyter
- ↑ Kleck, Gertz and Bratton, “Why do people support gun control?” Journal of Criminal Justice 37(5)
- ↑ Kleck and Wang, “The myth of big-time gun trafficking.” UCLA Law Review 56(5):1233-1294
- ↑ Gary Kleck and Marc Gertz, "Armed Resistance to Crime: The Prevalence and Nature of Self-Defense with a Gun", 86 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 1, 1995. [1]
- ↑ Kleck, Sever, Li and Gertz, “The missing link in general deterrence research.” Criminology 43(3):623-660.
- ↑ Kleck, "Capital punishment, gun ownership, and homicide." American Journal of Sociology 84(4):882-910.
- ↑ Kleck, G. and D. Kates (2001), Armed: New Perspectives on Gun Control, Chapter 6. N.Y.: Prometheus
