Difference between revisions of "Sandbox"

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[[The Seven Varieties of Gun Control Advocate]]
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{{company
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|name= J. Stevens Arms & Tool Company
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{{JPFO publication
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|predecessor= J. Stevens & Co.
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|Author = Gus Cotey, Jr.
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|logo=
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|Link = http://jpfo.org/filegen-a-m/seven-vars-2.htm
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|country= [[United States]]
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|address= Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts
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|tel=
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|fax=  
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|founded= [[1864]]
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|founder= [[Joshua Stevens]]
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|keys= W.B. Fay and James Taylor
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|industry= Firearms manufacturer
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|products= [[Rifle]]s, [[Shotgun]]s, [[pistol]]s
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|status=
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|parent= [[Savage Arms]]
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|subs=
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|website= http://www.savagearms.com
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|notes=
 
}}
 
}}
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'''[[Stevens Arms]]''' was an [[United States|American]] [[firearm]]s manufacturer founded by Joshua Stevens in 1864.  The company introduced the [[.22 Long Rifle]] round and made a number of rifle, shotgun, and target pistol designs before being bought by [[Savage Arms]] in 1920.  After 1920, Stevens made training rifles and machineguns for the US Military.  Savage still uses the Stevens brand today for a number of its low cost rifles and shotguns.
  
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==History==
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Stevens Arms was founded by Joshua Stevens with help from backers W.B. Fay and James Taylor in Chicopee Falls, MA,<ref>Fjestad, S.P. (2009). ''Blue Book of Gun Values''. Blue Book Publications. p. 1565. ISBN 978-1-886768-87-1.</ref> in 1864 as ''J. Stevens & Co.''. Their earliest product was a [[tip-up action]] single shot pistol.<ref name=flayderman>Flayderman, Norm (1994). ''Flayderman's Guide to Antique American Firearms''. DBI Books. p. 209.</ref> Business was slow into 1870, when it occupied a converted grist mill and had just sixty employees. The 1873 Panic had a further negative impact on sales. By 1876 the company had recovered to the extent that it was then manufacturing twice the number of [[shotgun]]s as it had been prior to that year.<ref>Murtz, Harold (1994). ''Gun Digest Treasury: the best from 45 years of Gun Digest''. DBI Books. pp. 192–3. ISBN 978-0-87349-156-3.</ref> In 1886, the company was reorganized and incorporated as J. Stevens Arms & Tool Co. The business was able to grow steadily with tool manufacturing and sales now accounting for the bulk of the business output.<ref name=flayderman/>
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The right of decent private citizens to personally possess, transport, and responsibly use arms without government interference is the ultimate freedom and the main pillar supporting all other liberties. Few cultures have allowed their general population access to weapons, the tools of power, to the same degree as the United States. Instead, most societies have restricted the keeping and bearing of arms to a select few power brokers and their agents, often resulting in oppression on a grand scale.
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Despite a massive amount of historical evidence to the contrary, there is a substantial body of Americans, many occupying positions of influence, who contend that the abrogation of the Second Amendment is the quickest path to domestic tranquility. Since this is as absurd as advocating blood-letting as a cure for anemia, it would seem advisable to question the motives and mentalities of the gun control advocates themselves.
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In my observation, weapon prohibitionists can be broken down into seven major categories. Even though their motives may vary they all pose a mortal threat to liberty.
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== Elitists ==
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Many of those in favor of oppressive firearms legislation are best classed as elitists. Elitists frequently identify with a peer group based on wealth, power, rank, social status, occupation, education, ethnic group, etc. and perceive themselves and their peers as inherently superior to and more responsible than the "common people", thus more deserving of certain rights. Since elitists practically consider those outside their class or caste as members of another species, that most anti-elitist list of laws, the Bill of Rights is viewed by them as anathema. Naturally, the Second Amendment is their first target as it serves as the supporting structure for the other nine amendments.
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== Authoritarians ==
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Another type of individual who favors the restriction of private gun ownership is the authoritarian. Authoritarian personalities are characterized by their belief in unquestioning obedience to an authority figure or group and a disdain for individual freedom of action, expression, and judgement. Those with authoritarian personalities function well in symbiosis with elitists occupying positions of power. Because authoritarians repress their desires for autonomy they harbor a deep resentment toward free and independent thinkers. Of course authoritarians do not want firearms in the hands of the general population as this constitutes a major obstacle to fulfilling their pathological and obsessive desire to control people.
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== Criminals ==
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It goes without saying that career criminals would like to see the public disarmed for obvious reasons. A well-armed population makes crimes such as assault, robbery, and burglary hazardous for the perpetrator and this is bad for "business." Also, it would seem that even non-violent or "white collar" criminals live in constant fear of retribution from the public that they financially bleed and would therefore prefer that the public be disarmed. Evidence supporting this hypothesis can be gathered by studying the Second Amendment voting records of those legislators who have been convicted of willful misconduct.
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== The fearful ==
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Cowards by definition are easily or excessively frightened by things and situations that are recognized as dangerous, difficult, or painful. It therefore stands to reason that the mere thought of guns and the circumstances in which they are employed causes them abnormal amounts of stress. Rather than admit their weakness to themselves or others, some fearful types jump on the anti-gun bandwagon and purport moral superiority to those "barbaric"enough to employ lethal force against armed assailants by claiming various humanitarian and pragmatic motives for allowing evil to remain unchecked. In reality, many of these individuals harbor an envy induced resentment toward anyone with the means, skill, and will to successfully stand up to criminal aggression.
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The desire to assert oneself exists in nearly everyone, wimps included, so cowards seek out tame enemies against whom they can ply their pitiful brand of machismo. Instead of the sociopaths who commit acts of wanton aggression with guns, guns themselves and responsible gun owners are the main targets of their attacks. After all, real criminals are dangerous, so cowards prefer doing battle with inanimate objects that do not have a will of their own and decent law-abiding people whose high level of integrity and self discipline prevent them from physically lashing out against mere verbal assailants, however obnoxious they may be.
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Beginning in 1880, the company began making [[falling block]] [[rifle]]s.  These, though less well known than [[Ballard]] or [[Winchester Repeating Arms Company|Winchester]] firearms, were of comparable quality. They were priced lower than those of Ballard or Winchester, making the Stevens' falling block models competitive in the marketplace. Under names like ''Favorite'', ''Little Scout'', ''Crack Shot'', and ''Marksman'', Stevens sold millions of reliable [[single-shot]]s.  The total number of single-shot firearms manufactured by the company exceeded 3.5 million by 1892.<ref>Murtz, (1994), p.195.</ref>
  
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== Ideological chameleons ==
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In addition, in 1887, Stevens developed the [[.22 Long Rifle|.22 LR]] [[Cartridge|round]],<ref>Barnes, Frank (1976). ''Cartridges of the World''. DBI Books. p. 274. ISBN 978-0-89689-936-0.</ref> which served as an introductory [[caliber]] for children for decades, as well as being very popular for [[plinking]], as well as varmint and [[target shooting]]. The .22LR cartridge was available beginning in 1888, in the #1, #2, #9, and #10 break-top rifles, and in their New Model Pocket and Bicycle rifles. The .22 LR would outperform other Stevens rounds, such as the [[.25 Stevens]] and [[.25 Stevens Short]], designed as competitors, and offered in models such as the [[lever action]] single-shot [[Stevens Favorite|Favorite]] (produced between 1894 and 1935) and the [[Stevens Crack Shot#15|Crack Shot #15]] (introduced in 1900).<ref>Barnes,(1976) p.276</ref>
  
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Ideological chameleons follow the simple social strategy of avoiding controversy and confrontation by espousing the beliefs of the people in their immediate vicinity or advocating the philosophy of those who scream the loudest in a debate. Quite a few supposedly pro Second Amendment public officials have shown themselves to be ideological chameleons when they supported restrictions on the private possession of military style semiautomatic rifles following recent atrocities in which such firearms were employed. Like their reptilian namesake, people who merely blend in with the ambient philosophical foliage seem to have little insight into the moral and social ramifications of their actions. Political and/or economic gain along with avoidance of confrontation are their only goals.
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As several manufacturers would later do with other [[wildcat cartridge|wildcat]]s, Stevens adopted the [[.25-20 Winchester|.25-20]], developed by [[Francis J. Rabbeth]] in 1882. The unpopularity of the bottlenecked case led Stevens to develop the [[.25-21 Stevens|.25-21]] in 1897. Designed by Capt. W. L. Carpenter, 9th U.S. Infantry, the .21-21 Stevens was essentially a shortened version of the company's own [[.25-25 Stevens|.25-25]] of 1895.<ref name=bfn>Barnes, (1976), p.74.</ref> (This is an odd reversal of the relationship of the [[.38 Special|.38 S&W Special]] to the [[.357 Magnum]].) The .25-25 would be used in Stevens' model 44 and the model 44½ rifles manufactured from 1903.<ref name=bfn/>
  
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== Security monopolists ==
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Stevens and Taylor was bought out in 1896 by I.H. Page, who was one of the new partners and the bookkeeper. Page led the company to significant growth, such that by 1902 Stevens had 900 employees and was considered one of the top [[sporting firearm|sporting]] firearms manufacturers in the world.  In 1915, Stevens led the U.S. arms business in [[target shooting|target]] and small game guns. Stevens military productions and offerings were generally limited to prototypes in an attempt to garner military contracts.<ref name=flayderman/>
  
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Security monopolists are those members and representatives of public and private security providing concerns who want the means of self protection out of private hands so that they can command high fees for protecting the citizenry against the rising tide of crime. These profiteers stand to loose a great deal of capital if citizens can efficiently defend themselves. To the security monopolist, each criminal who enters and exits the revolving door of justice is a renewable source of revenue providing jobs for police, social workers, victim counsellors, judges, prison employees, security guards, burglar alarm installers, locksmiths, and others employed by the security monopolies or their satellite organizations. No wonder it is so common for an honest citizen to be more ruthlessly hounded by the authorities when he shoots a criminal in self defense than a criminal who shoots honest citizens.
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Stevens was bought by the Savage Arms Company in 1920 and the operations of the two companies merged, with Stevens operating as a subsidiary of Savage and sometimes identified as "Savage-Stevens" until 1936.<ref name=flayderman/> This merger made the company the largest producer of arms in the United States at the time.<ref>''The Hardware review'' (Pentz Publishing Co.) '''26''': 55. 1920.</ref>  Stevens introduced the Model 87 in 1938, which sold over a million units.  Further units were sold as the ''Savage Model 6'' by Sears.<ref>Murtz,(1994), p.197.</ref>
  
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== The dysfunctionally unworldly ==
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==Rifles==
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Stevens produced a notable number of military arms, the most common being the [[Stevens Model 416]] bolt action rifle in .22LR caliber.  The United States Military used the model 416 as a training rifle around the time of the Second World War.  There is some debate and speculation regarding the extent to which the United States military made use of these rifles with their roles almost certainly being limited to basic firearm training.  The military's Model 416 was stamped with "U.S. Property" on the rear left of the receiver. Rifles with this stamping have been found with serial numbers around 100,000.  Various ordnance markings and proof marks can be found on this military rifle. 
  
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Just as a limb will weaken and atrophy if not used, so will aspects of the mind fail to develop if nothing in one’s environment exists to challenge them. People who have led excessively sheltered lives tend to have a difficult time understanding certain cause and effect relationships and an even harder time appreciating just how cruel the world can be. These dysfunctionally unworldly types are truly perplexed at the very notion of firearms ownership with regard to defense. To them, tyranny and crime are things that happen in other places far removed from their "civilized" universe. Also, they do not understand the value of private property and why some people would fight for theirs since they never had to work hard to acquire what they possess. While those suffering from dysfunctional unworldliness are most often people who have been born into considerable wealth, this condition is also common in members of the clergy, academicians, practioners of the arts, and others who have spent much of their lives cloistered in a safe and pampering environment. While many of these people may be quite talented and intelligent in some ways, their extreme naivety makes them easy prey for the tyrants who use them for the financial support and favorable advertisement of their regimes. Needless to say, the anti-gun movement is well represented and financed by the dysfunctionally unworldly.
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The 416 had a dramatically over sized bull barrel and a large wooden stock. The heavy barrel design added a great deal of weight which compared unfavorably with larger rifles such as the military's various .30 caliber offerings. It had adjustable peep sight apertures, a hooded front sight, and a small, removable magazine.<ref name=kimmel>Kimmel, Jay (1990). ''Savage & Stevens arms: collector's history''. Corey/Stevens. ISBN 978-0-942893-00-7.</ref><ref name="Bruce N. Canfield 1996">Canfield, Bruce N. (1996). ''U.S. Infantry Weapons of World War II''. Andrew Mowbray. ISBN 978-0-917218-67-5.</ref>
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[[File:Stevens 511 Shotgun.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Stevens 511A shotgun.]]
  
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Other U.S. military offerings by Stevens included two shotgun models in 12 gauge.  These were modified versions of the model 520 and 620 shotguns.<ref>Archer, Eric (1988). "U.S. Military Shotguns of WW2". ''Gun Digest''.</ref> 
  
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Some of the other more military firearms produced by Stevens include the Savage [[Lee Enfield]] No. 4 rifle<ref>Skennerton, Ian (1993). ''Lee-Enfield Story: A Complete Study of the Lee-Metford, Lee-Enfield, S.M.L.E. and No.4 Series''. Ian D Skennerton. ISBN 978-0-949749-15-4.</ref> and the [[Thompson submachine gun]]. During the Second World War, Savage produced the [[Browning Automatic Rifle]] (BAR), as well as .30 (7.62 mm) and .50 (12.7 mm) [[machine gun]]s.<ref name=kimmel/><ref name="Bruce N. Canfield 1996"/><ref>Canfield, Bruce N. (2000). ''U. S. Infantry Weapons of the First World War.'' Andrew Mowbray. ISBN 978-0-917218-90-3.</ref>
  
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The price of liberty is eternal vigilance, and it behooves all vigilant lovers of liberty to know and be able to recognize the various types of arms prohibitionists and understand their differing but equally dangerous motives. Acquiring knowledge of one’s foes is the first step toward defeating them. We must never forget that a threat to private firearms ownership is a threat to all freedoms.
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==Target pistols==
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Joshua Stevens produced three lines of single-shot tip-up target pistols named after contemporary gunmen.<ref name="Bicknell">Bicknell, Natalie and Tom (19 July 2007) [http://www.knottingley.org/history/target_pistol.htm "A Very Handsome Present from Buffalo Bill"].</ref>
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* Stevens-Conlin No. 28 – named for James Conlin, owner of a Broadway Avenue shooting gallery in New York City.
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* Stevens-Lord No. 36 – named for Frank Lord, a prominent target shooter. Six hundred were produced from 1880 to 1886.<ref name="Bicknell" />
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* Stevens-Gould No. 37 – named for [[Arthur Corbin Gould]], a firearms expert and writer.
  
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The inalienable and fundamental right to keep and bear arms which is enumerated by (but actually predates) the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is not about hunting, gun collecting, or target shooting. Its purpose is to ensure that every responsible American personally possesses the means to defend the Republic from all forms of tyranny, within and without. It is what permits the other nine Amendments in the Bill of Rights to be more than mere hollow phrases on a piece of paper. Its free exercise is the antithesis of serfdom and the only meaningful form of holocaust insurance known to man.
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Two well known examples of the Stevens-Lord No. 36 were custom ordered by Buffalo Bill, serial no. 29 for himself and serial no. 32 as a gift for Ben Thompson. The deluxe set of pistols had ten-inch barrels chambered for [[.32 Colt]], iridescent mother-of-pearl grips, and custom engraving with gold inlay by Louis Daniel Nimschke. The one given to Thompson included "From Buffalo Bill to Ben Thompson" on the spine of the grip.<ref name="Bicknell" />
  
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We must never insult and degrade the spirits of our Founding Fathers by permitting the Second Amendment, the pillar of freedom, to be destroyed by the cold flame of legislative ink.  
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An engraved, gold-plated Stevens-Gould No. 37 was given to sharpshooter Annie Oakley in the 1890s by her husband [[Frank E. Butler|Frank Butler]]. The [[revolver]] had finely engraved dog and horse head motifs on both sides of the frame. The Stevens-Gould No. 37 was one of three embellished guns cased for Oakley as a presentation group.<ref name="Autry National Center">[http://collections.theautry.org/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=record&key=34199 "Annie Oakley's Pistols"]. Autry National Center, 12 January 2012</ref>
  
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[[category:gun grabbers]]
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==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Seven Varieties of Gun Control Advocate, The}}
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<references/>
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[[Category:Stevens]]
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[[Category:American firearms manufacturers]]
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[[Category:Defunct firearms manufacturers]]
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[[Category:firearms manufacturers]]

Revision as of 09:38, 16 December 2013

J. Stevens Arms & Tool Company
Country United States
Address Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts
Founded 1864
Founder(s) Joshua Stevens
Key people W.B. Fay and James Taylor
Products Rifles, Shotguns, pistols
Predecessor J. Stevens & Co.
Parent Savage Arms
Website http://www.savagearms.com


Stevens Arms was an American firearms manufacturer founded by Joshua Stevens in 1864. The company introduced the .22 Long Rifle round and made a number of rifle, shotgun, and target pistol designs before being bought by Savage Arms in 1920. After 1920, Stevens made training rifles and machineguns for the US Military. Savage still uses the Stevens brand today for a number of its low cost rifles and shotguns.

Contents

History

Stevens Arms was founded by Joshua Stevens with help from backers W.B. Fay and James Taylor in Chicopee Falls, MA,[1] in 1864 as J. Stevens & Co.. Their earliest product was a tip-up action single shot pistol.[2] Business was slow into 1870, when it occupied a converted grist mill and had just sixty employees. The 1873 Panic had a further negative impact on sales. By 1876 the company had recovered to the extent that it was then manufacturing twice the number of shotguns as it had been prior to that year.[3] In 1886, the company was reorganized and incorporated as J. Stevens Arms & Tool Co. The business was able to grow steadily with tool manufacturing and sales now accounting for the bulk of the business output.[2]

Beginning in 1880, the company began making falling block rifles. These, though less well known than Ballard or Winchester firearms, were of comparable quality. They were priced lower than those of Ballard or Winchester, making the Stevens' falling block models competitive in the marketplace. Under names like Favorite, Little Scout, Crack Shot, and Marksman, Stevens sold millions of reliable single-shots. The total number of single-shot firearms manufactured by the company exceeded 3.5 million by 1892.[4]

In addition, in 1887, Stevens developed the .22 LR round,[5] which served as an introductory caliber for children for decades, as well as being very popular for plinking, as well as varmint and target shooting. The .22LR cartridge was available beginning in 1888, in the #1, #2, #9, and #10 break-top rifles, and in their New Model Pocket and Bicycle rifles. The .22 LR would outperform other Stevens rounds, such as the .25 Stevens and .25 Stevens Short, designed as competitors, and offered in models such as the lever action single-shot Favorite (produced between 1894 and 1935) and the Crack Shot #15 (introduced in 1900).[6]

As several manufacturers would later do with other wildcats, Stevens adopted the .25-20, developed by Francis J. Rabbeth in 1882. The unpopularity of the bottlenecked case led Stevens to develop the .25-21 in 1897. Designed by Capt. W. L. Carpenter, 9th U.S. Infantry, the .21-21 Stevens was essentially a shortened version of the company's own .25-25 of 1895.[7] (This is an odd reversal of the relationship of the .38 S&W Special to the .357 Magnum.) The .25-25 would be used in Stevens' model 44 and the model 44½ rifles manufactured from 1903.[7]

Stevens and Taylor was bought out in 1896 by I.H. Page, who was one of the new partners and the bookkeeper. Page led the company to significant growth, such that by 1902 Stevens had 900 employees and was considered one of the top sporting firearms manufacturers in the world. In 1915, Stevens led the U.S. arms business in target and small game guns. Stevens military productions and offerings were generally limited to prototypes in an attempt to garner military contracts.[2]

Stevens was bought by the Savage Arms Company in 1920 and the operations of the two companies merged, with Stevens operating as a subsidiary of Savage and sometimes identified as "Savage-Stevens" until 1936.[2] This merger made the company the largest producer of arms in the United States at the time.[8] Stevens introduced the Model 87 in 1938, which sold over a million units. Further units were sold as the Savage Model 6 by Sears.[9]

Rifles

Stevens produced a notable number of military arms, the most common being the Stevens Model 416 bolt action rifle in .22LR caliber. The United States Military used the model 416 as a training rifle around the time of the Second World War. There is some debate and speculation regarding the extent to which the United States military made use of these rifles with their roles almost certainly being limited to basic firearm training. The military's Model 416 was stamped with "U.S. Property" on the rear left of the receiver. Rifles with this stamping have been found with serial numbers around 100,000. Various ordnance markings and proof marks can be found on this military rifle.

The 416 had a dramatically over sized bull barrel and a large wooden stock. The heavy barrel design added a great deal of weight which compared unfavorably with larger rifles such as the military's various .30 caliber offerings. It had adjustable peep sight apertures, a hooded front sight, and a small, removable magazine.[10][11]

Stevens 511A shotgun.

Other U.S. military offerings by Stevens included two shotgun models in 12 gauge. These were modified versions of the model 520 and 620 shotguns.[12]

Some of the other more military firearms produced by Stevens include the Savage Lee Enfield No. 4 rifle[13] and the Thompson submachine gun. During the Second World War, Savage produced the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR), as well as .30 (7.62 mm) and .50 (12.7 mm) machine guns.[10][11][14]

Target pistols

Joshua Stevens produced three lines of single-shot tip-up target pistols named after contemporary gunmen.[15]

  • Stevens-Conlin No. 28 – named for James Conlin, owner of a Broadway Avenue shooting gallery in New York City.
  • Stevens-Lord No. 36 – named for Frank Lord, a prominent target shooter. Six hundred were produced from 1880 to 1886.[15]
  • Stevens-Gould No. 37 – named for Arthur Corbin Gould, a firearms expert and writer.

Two well known examples of the Stevens-Lord No. 36 were custom ordered by Buffalo Bill, serial no. 29 for himself and serial no. 32 as a gift for Ben Thompson. The deluxe set of pistols had ten-inch barrels chambered for .32 Colt, iridescent mother-of-pearl grips, and custom engraving with gold inlay by Louis Daniel Nimschke. The one given to Thompson included "From Buffalo Bill to Ben Thompson" on the spine of the grip.[15]

An engraved, gold-plated Stevens-Gould No. 37 was given to sharpshooter Annie Oakley in the 1890s by her husband Frank Butler. The revolver had finely engraved dog and horse head motifs on both sides of the frame. The Stevens-Gould No. 37 was one of three embellished guns cased for Oakley as a presentation group.[16]

References

  1. ↑ Fjestad, S.P. (2009). Blue Book of Gun Values. Blue Book Publications. p. 1565. ISBN 978-1-886768-87-1.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Flayderman, Norm (1994). Flayderman's Guide to Antique American Firearms. DBI Books. p. 209.
  3. ↑ Murtz, Harold (1994). Gun Digest Treasury: the best from 45 years of Gun Digest. DBI Books. pp. 192–3. ISBN 978-0-87349-156-3.
  4. ↑ Murtz, (1994), p.195.
  5. ↑ Barnes, Frank (1976). Cartridges of the World. DBI Books. p. 274. ISBN 978-0-89689-936-0.
  6. ↑ Barnes,(1976) p.276
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Barnes, (1976), p.74.
  8. ↑ The Hardware review (Pentz Publishing Co.) 26: 55. 1920.
  9. ↑ Murtz,(1994), p.197.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Kimmel, Jay (1990). Savage & Stevens arms: collector's history. Corey/Stevens. ISBN 978-0-942893-00-7.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Canfield, Bruce N. (1996). U.S. Infantry Weapons of World War II. Andrew Mowbray. ISBN 978-0-917218-67-5.
  12. ↑ Archer, Eric (1988). "U.S. Military Shotguns of WW2". Gun Digest.
  13. ↑ Skennerton, Ian (1993). Lee-Enfield Story: A Complete Study of the Lee-Metford, Lee-Enfield, S.M.L.E. and No.4 Series. Ian D Skennerton. ISBN 978-0-949749-15-4.
  14. ↑ Canfield, Bruce N. (2000). U. S. Infantry Weapons of the First World War. Andrew Mowbray. ISBN 978-0-917218-90-3.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Bicknell, Natalie and Tom (19 July 2007) "A Very Handsome Present from Buffalo Bill".
  16. ↑ "Annie Oakley's Pistols". Autry National Center, 12 January 2012
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