Steyr AUG
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The AUG is an Austrian 5.56 mm assault rifle, designed in the early 1970s by Steyr Mannlicher GmbH & Co KG (formerly Steyr-Daimler-Puch). The AUG (Armee Universal Gewehr - "universal army rifle") was adopted by the Austrian Army as the StG 77 (Sturmgewehr 77) in 1977,[2] where it replaced the aging 7.62 mm StG 58 automatic rifle (a license-built FN FAL).[3] In production since 1978, it is the standard small arm of the Austrian Bundesheer and various police units. It has also been adopted by the armed forces of Argentina, Australia (accepted into service in 1985 and manufactured by Australian Defence Industries in Lithgow, this Austeyr model is also in use by New Zealand), Bolivia, Ecuador (1988), Ireland, Luxembourg, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia (introduced in 1978), Pakistan and since 1988, the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency.
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[edit] Design details
The AUG was designed as a family of rifles that could be quickly adapted to a wide variety of roles with the change of the barrel to a desired length and profile, among which are: a compact 350 mm (13.8 in) barrel, 407 mm (16.0 in) carbine barrel, 508 mm (20.0 in) standard rifle-length barrel and a 621 mm (24.4 in) light machine gun barrel.[4] The AUG is a modular, bullpup configuration rifle that employs a high level of synthetic and advanced alloy components.
The primary variant of the rifle designated the AUG A1, consists of six main assemblies: the barrel, receiver with integrated telescopic sight, bolt and carrier, trigger mechanism, stock and magazine.[4] The AUG is a selective fire weapon with a conventional gas piston operated action that fires from a closed bolt.[4] The gas cylinder is offset to the right side of the barrel and works with one of the two guide rods. The rotating bolt features 7 radial locking lugs and is unlocked by means of a pin on the bolt body and a recessed camming guide machined into the bolt carrier. The bolt carrier itself is guided by two guide rods brazed to it and these rods run inside steel bearings in the receiver. The guide rods are hollow and contain the return springs. The bolt also contains a claw extractor that forms the eighth locking lug and a spring-loaded "bump"-type casing ejector. The AUG uses a short-stroke piston system where the right guide rod serves as the action rod, transmitting the rearward motion of the gas-driven piston to the bolt carrier. The left-hand rod provides retracting handle pressure when connected by the forward assist and can also be used to remove fouling in the gas cylinder by utilizing the left-hand guide rod as a reamer. The firearm uses a 3-position gas valve (the first setting, marked with a small dot, is used for normal operation, the second setting illustrated with a large dot – fouled conditions while the third, "GR"-marked closed position is used to launch rifle grenades of the non-bullet trap type), a two-stage trigger (pulling the trigger halfway produces semi-automatic fire, pulling the trigger all the way to the rear produces fully automatic fire) and a safety mechanism (cross-bolt, button type), located immediately above the hand grip.[4] In its “safe” position (white dot) the trigger is mechanically disabled; pressing the safety button to the left exposes a red dot and indicates the weapon is ready to fire. Some versions have an ALO or "automatic lockout", a small projection at the base of the trigger. In the exposed position the ALO stops the trigger being squeezed past the single shot position. If needed, the ALO can be pushed up to permit automatic fire.[5]
The AUG is hammer-fired and the firing mechanism is contained in the rear of the stock, near the butt, covered by a synthetic rubber shoulder plate. The hammer group is made entirely of plastics except for the springs and pins and is contained in an open-topped plastic box which lies between the magazine and the buttplate. During firing the recoiling bolt group travels over the top of it, resetting the hammer. Since the trigger is located some distance away, it transmits its energy through a sear lever which passes by the side of the magazine. The firing pin is operated by a plastic hammer under pressure from a coil spring.
The rifle is fed from translucent, double-column box magazines (molded from a high-strength polymer) with a 30-round capacity and an empty weight of 130 g (4.6 oz). The light machine gun version of the AUG uses an extended 42-round magazine.
The quick-change barrel used in the AUG is cold hammer-forged by GFM-GmbH of Steyr Austria for increased precision and durability, its bore, chamber and certain components of the gas system are chrome-plated. The standard rifle-length barrel features 6 right-hand grooves and a rifling twist rate of 1 in 228 mm (1:9 in). An external sleeve is shrunk on to the barrel and carries the gas port and cylinder, gas valve and forward grip hinge jaw. There is a short cylinder which contains a piston and its associated return spring. The barrel locks into a steel insert inside the receiver through a system of eight lugs arranged around the chamber end and is equipped with a folding, vertical grip that helps to pivot and withdraw the barrel during barrel changes. The most compact of the barrels has a fixed vertical grip. Three-pronged, open-type flash hiders were used on the 350 mm (13.8 in), 407 mm (16.0 in) and 508 mm (20.0 in) length barrels, whereas the 621 mm (24.4 in) light machine gun barrel received a closed-type ported muzzle device (combination flash suppressor and compensator) and an integral, lightweight folding bipod. The flash suppressors are screwed to the muzzle and internally threaded to take a blank-firing attachment. Rifles equipped with 407 mm (16.0 in) and 508 mm (20.0 in) barrels are able to launch rifle grenades. 508 mm (20.0 in) pattern barrels produced for military purposes are also equipped with a bayonet lug. The manufacturer offers two other 508 mm (20.0 in) barrel configurations: the first – fitted with a fixed, post foresight (used on the standard rifle version with aperture iron sights) and the second type – equipped with a 40 mm M203 grenade launcher that can be used mounted on the standard length rifle or autonomously – as a stand-alone grenade launcher after attaching a shoulder pad to the end of the 5.56 mm barrel.
The receiver housing is a steel-reinforced aluminum extrusion finished with a baked enamel coating.[4] It holds the bearings for the barrel lugs and the guide rods. The non-reciprocating plastic cocking handle works in a slot on the left side of the receiver and is connected with the bolt carrier's left guide rod. The cocking handle has a forward assist feature – alternatively called a "silent cocking device" – used for pushing the bolt shut without recocking the rifle.[4][6] A bolt hold-open device locks the bolt carrier assembly back after the last round has been fired.[6] The AUG lacks a bolt release button, and the cocking handle must be retracted to release the bolt group after a new magazine has been inserted. Integrated with the receiver casting is a fixed carry handle that contains a 1.5x telescopic sight made by Swarovski Optik.[4] It contains a simple black ring reticle with a basic rangefinder that is designed so that at 300 m (984.3 ft) a 177 cm (5 ft 9.7 in) tall man-size target will completely fill it, giving the shooter a relatively accurate method of estimating range. The sight cannot be set to a specific range but can be adjusted for windage and elevation for an initial zero and is usually calibrated for 300 m. The rifle also has a back-up iron sight with a rear notch and front blade, cast into the top of the aluminum optical sight housing, used in case of failure or damage to the primary optical sight. The sight is also equipped with a set of three illuminated dots (one on the front blade and two at the rear) for use in low-level lighting conditions. In order to mount a wide range of optics and accessories, a receiver with a NATO-standard Picatinny rail and detachable carry handle was also developed and introduced in 1997.
The rifle’s stock is made from fiberglass-reinforced polyamide 66. At the forward end is the pistol grip with an enlarged forward trigger guard completely enclosing the firing hand that allows the rifle to be operated with winter gloves.[4] The trigger is hung permanently on the pistol grip, together with its two operating rods which run in guides past the magazine housing. Behind that is the locking catch for the stock group. Pressing this to the right will separate the receiver and stock. The magazine catch is behind the housing, on the underside of the stock. Above the housing are the two ejector openings, one of which is always covered by a removable strip of plastic. The rear of the stock forms the actual shoulder rest which contains the hammer unit and the end of the bolt path. The butt is closed by an endplate which is held in place by the rear sling swivel. This swivel is attached to a pin which pushes in across the butt and secures the plate. The rifle is fully ambidextrous.[4] It can be configured for use by left-handed shooters by simply changing the bolt and moving a blanking cap from the left ejection opening to the right.
The AUG uses the 5.56x45mm NATO cartridge and will stabilize both SS109/M855 and M193 bullets.
A semi-automatic version of the rifle known as the AUG P is available to the civilian and law enforcement markets. It features a shorter, 407 mm (16.0 in) barrel and a modified bolt, carrier and trigger assembly that will only allow semi-automatic fire. The rifle also has a slightly different optical sight that features a reticule with a fine dot in the center of the aiming circle, allowing for more precise aiming.
The light machine gun variant can be modified to fire from an open bolt (called the AUG LMG in this configuration). To accomplish this, a modified bolt carrier, striker and trigger mechanism with sear are used.
The rifle comes standard with four magazines, a muzzle cap, spare bolt for left-handed shooters, blank-firing adaptor, cleaning kit, sling and either an American M7 or Austrian KCB bayonet.
Based on the AUG, Steyr developed the 9 mm AUG submachine gun that fires the 9x19mm Parabellum pistol cartridge. It is an automatic, blowback-operated model that fires from a closed bolt. Unlike the rifle variants, this SMG has a unique 420 mm (16.5 in) barrel with 6 right-hand grooves at a 250 mm (1:9.8 in) rifling twist rate, ended with a recoil compensator, a slightly different charging handle and a magazine well conversion insert enabling the use of standard 25-round box magazines from the Steyr MPi 81 and TMP submachine guns. A conversion kit used to transform any rifle variant into the submachine gun is also available. It consists of a barrel, bolt, adapter insert and magazine.
[edit] Variants
- AUG A1: Standard version introduced in 1977. Available with a choice of green or black furniture.
- AUG A2: Similar to the A1, but features a redesigned charging handle and a detachable telescopic sight which can be replaced with a MIL-STD-1913 rail.
- AUG A2 Commando: Similar to the A2, variant for the Austrian Special Forces introduced in late 2007.[7] Features telescopic sight and side mounted MIL-STD-1913 rails.
- AUG A3: Upper rail and integrated MIL-STD-1913 railed foregrip. It can be ordered with features such as a STANAG magazine stock group and an external bolt release.
- AUG P: Semi-automatic AUG A1 with a shorter, 407 mm (16.0 in) barrel.
- AUG P Special Receiver: Railed version of the AUG P.
- AUG 9 mm (AUG SMG/AUG Para): Chambered in 9x19mm Parabellum differs from A1 model in barrel, bolt, magazine and a magazine well adapter[8] which allows the rifle to feed from Steyr MPi 69 magazines. This version operates as a blowback firearm, without use of the rifle's gas system. For some time a kit of the above components was available to convert any AUG into a 9 mm SMG.
- AUG M203: An AUG modified for use with the M203 grenade launcher.
- AUG LSW (Light Support Weapon): A family of light support versions of the AUG.
- AUG HBAR (Heavy-Barreled Automatic Rifle): A longer, heavier-barreled version for use as a light machine gun.
- AUG LMG (Light machine gun): Based on the AUG HBAR, fires from an open bolt, has 4x rather than 1.5x optic of the base AUG.
- AUG LMG–T: Same as LMG, but has rail similar to the AUG P Special Receiver.
- AUG HBAR–T: A designated marksman rifle based on the HBAR with a universal scope mount cast into the receiver and fitted with a Kahles ZF69 6x42 optical sight.
- AUG Z: Semi-automatic version, somewhat similar to the A2, intended primarily for civilian use.
- AUG SA: Semi-automatic version of the A1 variant; built for civilian use and import to the US before being banned from importation in 1989.
- USR: An AUG A2 modified to meet U.S. BATF regulations.
[edit] American
- MSAR STG-556: Introduced at the 2007 SHOT Show, the MSAR STG-556 is manufactured by Microtech Small Arms Research Inc. (a subsidiary of Microtech Knives) and is an AUG A1 clone significantly re-engineered in its working system and principle as it features a forward assist and a bolt hold-open device as seen on the M16 rifle; otherwise the MSAR STG-556 retains the original AUG features, such as feeding from proprietary translucent plastic magazines and having the quick-change barrel option. The rifle can be converted from either having a telescopic sight or a MIL-STD-1913 rail. It is available in either civilian, semi-automatic only and military/LE, select-fire variants.[9][6]
- TPD USA AXR: Revealed at the 2007 SHOT Show, manufactured by Tactical Products Design Inc. as an AUG A2 clone capable of semi-automatic only fire, aimed for both the civilian and law enforcement markets, and fed by STANAG magazines; the manufacturer sells clear plastic magazines which are STANAG 4179 compliant and will readily fit in any rifle with a compatible magazine catch.[10]
[edit] Australian
- F88 Austeyr: The Australian Army's modified version of the Steyr AUG A1, featuring a bayonet lug. The AUG won a competition against the prototype of what would become the Bushmaster M17S. The components are built under license at the Australian Defence Industries factory in Lithgow, New South Wales (now known as Thales Australia).[11]
- F88C Austeyr: A carbine version of the Austeyr F88 featuring a shorter, 407 mm (16.0 in) barrel. The F88C is generally used as a personal defensive weapon where maneuverability is an issue, such as in armoured vehicles.
- F88S Austeyr: A version of the Australian Austeyr F88 with an integrated Picatinny rail in place of the standard optic that allows the attachment of various sights (night vision devices, magnified and non-magnified optics such as the ELCAN C79, Trijicon ACOG or Aimpoint).
- F88S-A1C: The Austeyr F88S-A1C is a compact variant of the F88 fitted with a Picatinny rail. The rifle has a 407 mm (16.0 in) barrel. Typically issued to front-line combat infantry units with room and weight constraints such as cavalry, reconnaissance, light horse, paratroopers and airfield defence guards (RAAF).
- F88 GLA: Australian Army version with an M203 grenade launcher. It features an Inter-bar (armourer attached) interface, an RM Equipment M203PI grenade launcher, and a Knight's Armament quadrant sight assembly to which a Firepoint red dot sight is attached. The bayonet lugs and forward vertical foregrip are removed.
- F88T: ADI has developed a .22-caliber training rifle for use by the Australian Army. The rifle provides an economical training alternative, with very low ammunition cost, which can be used in environmentally sensitive training areas and ranges where "overshooting" is an issue, and there is less likely of a chance to injure instructors and other persons.[11] Also used by the Australian Defence Force Cadets.
- Austeyr F88A4: ADI’s proposed F88A4 will incorporate multiple Picatinny rails for the fitting of legacy systems such as the M203P1 40 mm grenade launcher as well as both commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) and military off-the-shelf (MOTS) sighting and battle enhancement accessories. Also it must be noted that the A4 has only been bought in limited numbers (reportedly only 10 units) for evaluation purposes.
- DSTO Advanced Individual Combat Weapon: Experimental weapon combining the barrel, action and magazine of a Austeyr F88 with an enlarged receiver and stock/body that also incorporates a multiple-shot 40 mm grenade launcher.
[edit] Users
- Algeria: Used in small numbers by the Groupe d'Intervention Spécial (GIS) counter-terrorism unit.
- Argentina: Limited use in several specialized units, among them the Compañía de Comandos 602, and certain mountain and jungle companies.[12][13][14]
- Austria: Standard service weapon of the Bundesheer, figuring as the StG 77 in official army nomenclature.[2]
- Australia: Adopted in 1989 as the new issue weapon of the Australian Defence Forces. The first regular unit to be issued with the F88 was 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, who received them in January 1989. Rifles are built locally by Australian Defence Industries under license from Steyr Mannlicher.[15]
- Bolivia
- Bulgaria: Select specialized units.
- Cameroon
- Ecuador
- Falkland Islands: Falkland Islands Defence Force.
- Germany: Used by the specialized Spezialeinsatzkommando units of the German state police.
- Republic of Ireland: Issued to regular and reserve soldiers of the Irish Army since 1988.[16][17]
- Latvia
- Luxembourg: Standard rifle of the armed forces. Light machine gun version is also employed as the squad support weapon.[18]
- Malaysia: Under license by SME Ordnance and SME Aerospace with the Steyr AUG A3 rifles with future plans for Steyr AUG A1 and A3s made in Malaysia under a joint company called Steyr Mannlicher Sdn Bhd.[19] Production of the Steyr AUG rifle series started in 1991.[20] with a joint production with Steyr that started in 2004.[21]
- Morocco
- Nigeria: AUG HBAR.
- Oman
- New Zealand: Uses the Australian ADI-made Austeyr F88 variant since 1988. It is called the IW Steyr (Individual Weapon Steyr) in service of the New Zealand Defence Force.[22]
- Pakistan
- Philippines: Used by the 1st Scout Ranger Regiment.[23]
- Serbia: 72nd Reconnaissance-commando Battalion.
- Saudi Arabia: Delivered in desert tan color furniture.
- Tunisia
- United States: U.S. Customs.[24]
- Uruguay
[edit] See also
[edit] Resources
The GOR online library has following manuals available for free download for the Steyr AUG:
- Dienstbehelf fur das Bundesheer manual in Austrian - (1.9 MB .PDF file, 14pgs)
The following images are also available for reference:
Cutaway view of the AUG.
Parts breakdown of the Steyr AUG.
[edit] Notes
- ↑ Based on average US value for a pre-ban AUG
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Österreichs Bundesheer - Waffen und Gerät - Sturmgewehr 77
- ↑ Ezell (1993) p. 223
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Ezell(1993) p. 224
- ↑ Manual of the Steyr rifle, Irish Defence Forces
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Choat, Chris (March 2008), "Microtech's STG-556 An Exclusive First Look", The Small Arms Review 11(6): 43-50
- ↑ Steyr AUG A2 Commando
- ↑ AUG 9mm.
- ↑ MSAR - Microtech Small Arms Research Inc. Microtech Small Arms Research
- ↑ TPD-USA - Tactical Products Design Inc. Retrieved on October 12, 2007.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Steyr.
- ↑ http://i44.photobucket.com/albums/f34/rhcp04/sold-2.jpg
- ↑ http://i44.photobucket.com/albums/f34/rhcp04/solds-5.jpg
- ↑ http://i44.photobucket.com/albums/f34/rhcp04/sold-1.jpg
- ↑ Steyr
- ↑ Defence Forces - Army Steyr Assault Rifle
- ↑ Steyr AUG (Armee Universal Gewehr - Universal Army Gun).
- ↑ Lëtzebuerger Arméi - Matériel - Armement
- ↑ Malaysia inks major rifles deal. Retrieved on November 1, 2007.
- ↑ The 5.56 X 45mm: 1986-1994. Retrieved on June 21, 2008.
- ↑ The 5.56 X 45mm: 2004. Retrieved on June 21, 2008.
- ↑ NZ Army - Personal Weapons
- ↑ Mutineers Used Hi-Tech Guns Given By US.
- ↑ http://www.riflesnguns.com/assault/steyr/aug
[edit] References
Ezell, Edward (March 1, 1983), Small Arms of the World, New York: Stackpole Books, pp. 894, ISBN 9780880296014
[edit] External links
- Steyr Arms International
- Steyr Arms USA
- REMTEK
- SteyrAUG.net
- Steyr-AUG.com
- Buddy Hinton Collection
- Modern Firearms
- The Steyr AUG in the Austrian Army
